Texas A&M University (TAMU) GEOL101 Principles of Geology Exam 1 Practice Exam

Volcanic arcs are primarily formed as a result of subduction zones, where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another into the mantle. This process often creates chains of volcanic islands, known as island arcs, which are located in close proximity to oceanic trenches. The melting of the subducted plate leads to magma formation, which rises to create volcanoes that line up near the trench.

This phenomenon is evident in many regions around the world, such as the Aleutian Islands in Alaska and the Japanese archipelago, both of which are situated along the edges of tectonic plates and are characterized by active volcanic activity. The specific geological processes involved in the formation of volcanic arcs are critical for understanding plate tectonics and the distribution of volcanism on Earth. Other options do not accurately depict the relationship between volcanic arcs and geological features.