What are the two main types of weathering?

The two main types of weathering are mechanical and chemical. Mechanical weathering involves the physical breakdown of rocks into smaller fragments without changing their chemical composition. This can occur through processes such as freeze-thaw cycles, abrasion, or root expansion from plants. On the other hand, chemical weathering involves the alteration of the mineral composition of rocks through chemical reactions, often involving reactions with water and atmospheric gases. Examples include hydrolysis, oxidation, and carbonation, where minerals are transformed, leading to new chemical products. Both types of weathering play a crucial role in soil formation and landscape evolution, as they help in breaking down rocks and minerals into smaller particles that can contribute to soil. Understanding these processes is fundamental in the study of geology, as they influence erosion, sediment transport, and the chemical cycles within the Earth system.