What is magma?

Magma is defined as molten rock that is found beneath the Earth's surface. It can contain not only liquid rock but also crystals and dissolved gases. The molten state allows these components to exist together under the extreme heat and pressure found deep within the Earth. When magma rises to the surface and cools, it can solidify into various types of igneous rocks.

The presence of dissolved gases in magma is significant as these gases can influence the magma's viscosity and eruption behavior when it comes to the surface. When magma erupts and reaches the Earth's surface, it is referred to as lava. Understanding magma’s characteristics, including its composition and behavior, is crucial for studying volcanic activity and the formation of different types of igneous rocks.