Who proposed the reaction series that relates magma and mineral crystallization during igneous rock formation?

The reaction series that relates magma and mineral crystallization during the formation of igneous rocks is known as Bowen's Reaction Series, named after N.L. Bowen. This series helps to explain how different minerals crystallize from magma as it cools and evolves. Bowen conducted significant experiments in the early 20th century, studying how various minerals formed under controlled conditions and how their formation was influenced by temperature and pressure changes.

His work led to two main types of crystallization sequences: the continuous reaction series, which involves the gradual change in composition and structure of plagioclase feldspar as temperature decreases, and the discrete reaction series, where minerals crystallize at certain temperatures and do not change composition as they cool. This foundational concept in geology provides insights not just into the processes of igneous rock formation but also into the conditions under which different types of rocks may form.

The other individuals mentioned, such as John Wesley Powell, who is known for his contributions to the study of the Grand Canyon and geological surveying; Charles Lyell, who was instrumental in the development of the principles of uniformitarianism; and Albert Einstein, who contributed to theoretical physics, do not have direct associations with the crystallization of minerals from magma.